Product Description
customized steel spur helical pinion tooth spline shaft gear shaft
Product Description:
Brief Description And Advantages:
1. Produce as drawings
2. Material will be requirements
3. Strictly quality control
4. OEM is acceptable
Company Information:
Our Feature:
(1)In-house capability: OEM service as per customers’ requests, with in-house tooling design & fabricating
(2)Professional engineering capability: On product design, optimization and performance analysis
(3)Manufacturing capability range: DIN 3960, ISO 1328, AGMA 2000, JIS 1702-1703, etc.
(4)Packing: pallets, or according to customer’s requirement
(5)Just-in-time delivery capability
Primary Competitive Advantages:
Manufacturer
Professional Engineering Capability
Stable Quality
Reasonable Price
Small Orders Accepted
Continuous Improvements
High Product Performance
Prompt Delivery
Professional Service
Q1: Are you a trade company or a factory?
A: We are a factory which has been specialized in hardware, fasteners, bolt, nut, screws, washer, threaded rod, anchors, motor accessories, auto and motorcycle accessories, stainless steel plate, etc for more than 30 years.
Q2: Can you provide a sample?
A: Yes, we can provide you with free samples, but not including courier fees.
Q3: What is your delivery time?
A: If we have stock, we can delivery within 2 days after receive the payment. And normally our production is in 20-30 days for 1 container products.
Q4: What is your terms of payment ?
A: Small order 100% in advance. Mostly we use 30% advance payment by T/T, 70% before shipment. Or we discuss the details.
Q5: Can I request to change the packaging and transportation form?
A: Yes, we can change the form of packaging and transportation according to your requirements, we will add the price differences incurred during this period to the unit price.
|
Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
To be negotiated |
|---|
| Material: | Carbon Steel |
|---|---|
| Load: | Drive Shaft |
| Stiffness & Flexibility: | Stiffness / Rigid Axle |
| Samples: |
US$ 0.01/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | Order Sample |
|---|
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When two splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by five mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to fifty-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows four concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these three components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using two different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these two methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the three factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
editor by CX 2023-05-26
China Drawing Manufacture Parallel Single Helical Gear Spline Shaft in Gear Pinion Transmission wholesaler
Merchandise Description
Merchandise Description
Our Capabilities of Manufacturing Gears & Splines.
| Hobbing | Milling | Tooth Grinding | |
| Max O.D. | 1250mm | 2000mm | 2000mm |
| Min I.D. | 20mm | 50mm | 20mm |
| Max Face Width | 500mm | 500mm | 1480mm |
| Max DP | DP 1 | DP one | DP .5 |
| Max Module | 26mm | 26mm | 45mm |
| DIN Level | DIN Course 6 | DIN Course six | DIN Class four |
| Tooth Complete | Ra 3.2 | Ra 3.two | Ra .6 |
| Max Helix Angle | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
Precision Transmission Parts
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Customized CNC Machining Parts Support |
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Quotation |
According to your drawing(dimension, content,and essential technology, etc) |
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Supplies |
Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless Metal, Metal, Iron, Alloy, Titanium and so on. |
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Surface area Treatment |
Anodizing, Brushing, Galvanized, laser engraving, Silk printing, polishing, Powder coating, and so forth. |
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Tolerance |
+/- .005mm-.01mm, a hundred% QC quality inspection prior to supply, can supply top quality inspection type |
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Processing |
CNC Turning, Milling, Drilling, Hobbing, Sharpening, Bushing, Floor Remedy and many others. |
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Drawing Formats |
Strong Functions, Professional/Engineer, UG, AutoCAD(DXF, DWG), PDF, TIF etc. |
5-axis CNC Milling Components
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Materials Available |
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Aluminum |
Stainless Metal |
Brass |
Copper |
Iron |
Plastic |
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AL6061 |
SS201 |
C35600 |
C11000 |
twenty# |
POM |
|
AL6063 |
SS301 |
C36000 |
C12000 |
forty five# |
Peek |
|
AL6082 |
SS303 |
C37700 |
C12200 |
Q235 |
PMMA |
|
AL7075 |
SS304 |
C37000 |
C15710 |
Q345B |
Ab muscles |
|
AL2571 |
SS316 |
C37100 |
and so on… |
Q345B |
Delrin |
|
AL5052 |
SS416 |
C28000 |
|
1214/1215 |
Nylon |
|
ALA380 |
and many others… |
C26000 |
|
12L14 |
PVC |
|
etc… |
|
C24000 |
|
Carbon metal |
PP |
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|
|
C22000 |
|
4140 / 4130 |
Laptop |
|
|
|
and so forth… |
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and so on… |
etc… |
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Area Treatment method |
Content Offered |
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As machined |
All metals |
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Smoothed |
All metals and Plastic (e.g aluminum, metal,nylon, Stomach muscles) |
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Powder Coated |
All metals ( e.g aluminum, steel) |
|
Brushing |
All metals (e.g aluminum, steel) |
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Anodized Hardcoat |
Aluminum and Titanium alloys |
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Electropolished |
Metal and plastic (e.g aluminum, Ab muscles) |
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Bead Blasted |
Aluminum and Titanium alloys |
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Anodized Clear or Color |
Aluminum and Titanium alloys |
Application Discipline
Company Profile
HangZhou CZPT Intelligent Technological innovation Co. Ltd was set up in 2003. Since established, we always focus on precision transmission and mechanical components production & processing. We have a expert R&D staff and advanced equipment hobbing equipment, gear grinding equipment, equipment shaping equipment, CNC Lathe equipment and milling devices, which can give complete answers in accordance to user’s specifications, from the design.
we bulid us via help other individuals succes. CZPT constantly focuses on the improvement ability, and now, it owns far more than 30 patents. Our organization has many innovative engineering design and style softwares and used more than twenty new systems and new processes. And also, it is certified by ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO 14001: 2015.
For more than ten many years, our business has been dedicated to the manufacturing and processing of precision parts and non-standard automation style. With a hugely experienced workforce, relying on rich expertise in precision processing and global foremost tools, the business has established strategic partnerships with globe-renowned enterprises in the fields of aviation, health care and industrial precision examination and measurement equipment.
FAQ
Q1: How to get a quotation?
A1: You should ship us drawings in igs, dwg, action and so on. with each other with detailed PDF.If you have any specifications, please notice,
and we could give expert advice for your reference.
Q2: How prolonged can i get the sample?
A2: Depends on your specific items,in 7-ten times is necessary usually.
Q3: How to appreciate the OEM services?
A3: Generally, base on your design and style drawings or authentic samples, we give some technical proposals and a quotation to you, following your agreement, we produce for you.
This autumn: Will my drawings be secure soon after sending to you?
A4: Indeed, we will hold them properly and not release to third party with no your authorization. Of training course, we would ensure the basic safety of the drawing.
Q5: What shall we do if we do not have drawings?
A5: Please send out your sample to our manufacturing unit,then we can copy or provide you greater remedies. You should ship us photographs or drafts with proportions(Size,Hight,Width), CAD or 3D file will be created for you if placed get.
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery, Car, Industrial Machine |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Spur Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 500/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Hobbing | Milling | Tooth Grinding | |
| Max O.D. | 1250mm | 2000mm | 2000mm |
| Min I.D. | 20mm | 50mm | 20mm |
| Max Face Width | 500mm | 500mm | 1480mm |
| Max DP | DP 1 | DP 1 | DP 0.5 |
| Max Module | 26mm | 26mm | 45mm |
| DIN Level | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 4 |
| Tooth Finish | Ra 3.2 | Ra 3.2 | Ra 0.6 |
| Max Helix Angle | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
###
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Custom CNC Machining Parts Service
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Quotation
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According to your drawing(size, material,and required technology, etc)
|
|
Materials
|
Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless Steel, Steel, Iron, Alloy, Titanium etc.
|
|
Surface Treatment
|
Anodizing, Brushing, Galvanized, laser engraving, Silk printing, polishing, Powder coating, etc.
|
|
Tolerance
|
+/- 0.005mm-0.01mm, 100% QC quality inspection before delivery, can provide quality inspection form
|
|
Processing
|
CNC Turning, Milling, Drilling, Hobbing, Polishing, Bushing, Surface Treatment etc.
|
|
Drawing Formats
|
Solid Works, Pro/Engineer, UG, AutoCAD(DXF, DWG), PDF, TIF etc.
|
###
|
Material Available
|
|||||
|
Aluminum
|
Stainless Steel
|
Brass
|
Copper
|
Iron
|
Plastic
|
|
AL6061
|
SS201
|
C35600
|
C11000
|
20#
|
POM
|
|
AL6063
|
SS301
|
C36000
|
C12000
|
45#
|
Peek
|
|
AL6082
|
SS303
|
C37700
|
C12200
|
Q235
|
PMMA
|
|
AL7075
|
SS304
|
C37000
|
C10100
|
Q345B
|
ABS
|
|
AL2024
|
SS316
|
C37100
|
etc…
|
Q345B
|
Delrin
|
|
AL5052
|
SS416
|
C28000
|
|
1214/1215
|
Nylon
|
|
ALA380
|
etc…
|
C26000
|
|
12L14
|
PVC
|
|
etc…
|
|
C24000
|
|
Carbon steel
|
PP
|
|
|
|
C22000
|
|
4140 / 4130
|
PC
|
|
|
|
etc…
|
|
etc…
|
etc…
|
###
|
Surface Treatment
|
Material Available
|
|
As machined
|
All metals
|
|
Smoothed
|
All metals and Plastic (e.g aluminum, steel,nylon, ABS)
|
|
Powder Coated
|
All metals ( e.g aluminum, steel)
|
|
Brushing
|
All metals (e.g aluminum, steel)
|
|
Anodized Hardcoat
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
|
Electropolished
|
Metal and plastic (e.g aluminum, ABS)
|
|
Bead Blasted
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
|
Anodized Clear or Color
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery, Car, Industrial Machine |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Spur Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 500/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Hobbing | Milling | Tooth Grinding | |
| Max O.D. | 1250mm | 2000mm | 2000mm |
| Min I.D. | 20mm | 50mm | 20mm |
| Max Face Width | 500mm | 500mm | 1480mm |
| Max DP | DP 1 | DP 1 | DP 0.5 |
| Max Module | 26mm | 26mm | 45mm |
| DIN Level | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 4 |
| Tooth Finish | Ra 3.2 | Ra 3.2 | Ra 0.6 |
| Max Helix Angle | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
###
|
Custom CNC Machining Parts Service
|
|
|
Quotation
|
According to your drawing(size, material,and required technology, etc)
|
|
Materials
|
Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless Steel, Steel, Iron, Alloy, Titanium etc.
|
|
Surface Treatment
|
Anodizing, Brushing, Galvanized, laser engraving, Silk printing, polishing, Powder coating, etc.
|
|
Tolerance
|
+/- 0.005mm-0.01mm, 100% QC quality inspection before delivery, can provide quality inspection form
|
|
Processing
|
CNC Turning, Milling, Drilling, Hobbing, Polishing, Bushing, Surface Treatment etc.
|
|
Drawing Formats
|
Solid Works, Pro/Engineer, UG, AutoCAD(DXF, DWG), PDF, TIF etc.
|
###
|
Material Available
|
|||||
|
Aluminum
|
Stainless Steel
|
Brass
|
Copper
|
Iron
|
Plastic
|
|
AL6061
|
SS201
|
C35600
|
C11000
|
20#
|
POM
|
|
AL6063
|
SS301
|
C36000
|
C12000
|
45#
|
Peek
|
|
AL6082
|
SS303
|
C37700
|
C12200
|
Q235
|
PMMA
|
|
AL7075
|
SS304
|
C37000
|
C10100
|
Q345B
|
ABS
|
|
AL2024
|
SS316
|
C37100
|
etc…
|
Q345B
|
Delrin
|
|
AL5052
|
SS416
|
C28000
|
|
1214/1215
|
Nylon
|
|
ALA380
|
etc…
|
C26000
|
|
12L14
|
PVC
|
|
etc…
|
|
C24000
|
|
Carbon steel
|
PP
|
|
|
|
C22000
|
|
4140 / 4130
|
PC
|
|
|
|
etc…
|
|
etc…
|
etc…
|
###
|
Surface Treatment
|
Material Available
|
|
As machined
|
All metals
|
|
Smoothed
|
All metals and Plastic (e.g aluminum, steel,nylon, ABS)
|
|
Powder Coated
|
All metals ( e.g aluminum, steel)
|
|
Brushing
|
All metals (e.g aluminum, steel)
|
|
Anodized Hardcoat
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
|
Electropolished
|
Metal and plastic (e.g aluminum, ABS)
|
|
Bead Blasted
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
|
Anodized Clear or Color
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
What Are the Advantages of a Splined Shaft?
If you are looking for the right splined shaft for your machine, you should know a few important things. First, what type of material should be used? Stainless steel is usually the most appropriate choice, because of its ability to offer low noise and fatigue failure. Secondly, it can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine. Lastly, it will ensure smooth motion. So, what are the advantages of a splined shaft?
Stainless steel is the best material for splined shafts
When choosing a splined shaft, you should consider its hardness, quality, and finish. Stainless steel has superior corrosion and wear resistance. Carbon steel is another good material for splined shafts. Carbon steel has a shallow carbon content (about 1.7%), which makes it more malleable and helps ensure smooth motion. But if you’re not willing to spend the money on stainless steel, consider other options.
There are two main types of splines: parallel splines and crowned splines. Involute splines have parallel grooves and allow linear and rotary motion. Helical splines have involute teeth and are oriented at an angle. This type allows for many teeth on the shaft and minimizes the stress concentration in the stationary joint.
Large evenly spaced splines are widely used in hydraulic systems, drivetrains, and machine tools. They are typically made from carbon steel (CR10) and stainless steel (AISI 304). This material is durable and meets the requirements of ISO 14-B, formerly DIN 5463-B. Splined shafts are typically made of stainless steel or C45 steel, though there are many other materials available.
Stainless steel is the best material for a splined shaft. This metal is also incredibly affordable. In most cases, stainless steel is the best choice for these shafts because it offers the best corrosion resistance. There are many different types of splined shafts, and each one is suited for a particular application. There are also many different types of stainless steel, so choose stainless steel if you want the best quality.
For those looking for high-quality splined shafts, CZPT Spline Shafts offer many benefits. They can reduce costs, improve positional accuracy, and reduce friction. With the CZPT TFE coating, splined shafts can reduce energy and heat buildup, and extend the life of your products. And, they’re easy to install – all you need to do is install them.
They provide low noise, low wear and fatigue failure
The splines in a splined shaft are composed of two main parts: the spline root fillet and the spline relief. The spline root fillet is the most critical part, because fatigue failure starts there and propagates to the relief. The spline relief is more susceptible to fatigue failure because of its involute tooth shape, which offers a lower stress to the shaft and has a smaller area of contact.
The fatigue life of splined shafts is determined by measuring the S-N curve. This is also known as the Wohler curve, and it is the relationship between stress amplitude and number of cycles. It depends on the material, geometry and way of loading. It can be obtained from a physical test on a uniform material specimen under a constant amplitude load. Approximations for low-alloy steel parts can be made using a lower-alloy steel material.
Splined shafts provide low noise, minimal wear and fatigue failure. However, some mechanical transmission elements need to be removed from the shaft during assembly and manufacturing processes. The shafts must still be capable of relative axial movement for functional purposes. As such, good spline joints are essential to high-quality torque transmission, minimal backlash, and low noise. The major failure modes of spline shafts include fretting corrosion, tooth breakage, and fatigue failure.
The outer disc carrier spline is susceptible to tensile stress and fatigue failure. High customer demands for low noise and low wear and fatigue failure makes splined shafts an excellent choice. A fractured spline gear coupling was received for analysis. It was installed near the top of a filter shaft and inserted into the gearbox motor. The service history was unknown. The fractured spline gear coupling had longitudinally cracked and arrested at the termination of the spline gear teeth. The spline gear teeth also exhibited wear and deformation.
A new spline coupling method detects fault propagation in hollow cylindrical splined shafts. A spline coupling is fabricated using an AE method with the spline section unrolled into a metal plate of the same thickness as the cylinder wall. In addition, the spline coupling is misaligned, which puts significant concentration on the spline teeth. This further accelerates the rate of fretting fatigue and wear.
A spline joint should be lubricated after 25 hours of operation. Frequent lubrication can increase maintenance costs and cause downtime. Moreover, the lubricant may retain abrasive particles at the interfaces. In some cases, lubricants can even cause misalignment, leading to premature failure. So, the lubrication of a spline coupling is vital in ensuring proper functioning of the shaft.
The design of a spline coupling can be optimized to enhance its wear resistance and reliability. Surface treatments, loads, and rotation affect the friction properties of a spline coupling. In addition, a finite element method was developed to predict wear of a floating spline coupling. This method is feasible and provides a reliable basis for predicting the wear and fatigue life of a spline coupling.
They can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine
Machines can be used to shape splined shafts in a variety of industries. They are useful in many applications, including gearboxes, braking systems, and axles. A slotted shaft can be manipulated in several ways, including hobbling, broaching, and slotting. In addition to shaping, splines are also useful in reducing bar diameter.
When using a slotting or shaping machine, the workpiece is held against a pedestal that has a uniform thickness. The machine is equipped with a stand column and limiting column (Figure 1), each positioned perpendicular to the upper surface of the pedestal. The limiting column axis is located on the same line as the stand column. During the slotting or shaping process, the tool is fed in and out until the desired space is achieved.
One process involves cutting splines into a shaft. Straddle milling, spline shaping, and spline cutting are two common processes used to create splined shafts. Straddle milling involves a fixed indexing fixture that holds the shaft steady, while rotating milling cutters cut the groove in the length of the shaft. Several passes are required to ensure uniformity throughout the spline.
Splines are a type of gear. The ridges or teeth on the drive shaft mesh with grooves in the mating piece. A splined shaft allows the transmission of torque to a mate piece while maximizing the power transfer. Splines are used in heavy vehicles, construction, agriculture, and massive earthmoving machinery. Splines are used in virtually every type of rotary motion, from axles to transmission systems. They also offer better fatigue life and reliability.
Slotting or shaping machines can also be used to shape splined shafts. Slotting machines are often used to machine splined shafts, because it is easier to make them with these machines. Using a slotting or shaping machine can result in splined shafts of different sizes. It is important to follow a set of spline standards to ensure your parts are manufactured to the highest standards.
A milling machine is another option for producing splined shafts. A spline shaft can be set up between two centers in an indexing fixture. Two side milling cutters are mounted on an arbor and a spacer and shims are inserted between them. The arbor and cutters are then mounted to a milling machine spindle. To make sure the cutters center themselves over the splined shaft, an adjustment must be made to the spindle of the machine.
The machining process is very different for internal and external splines. External splines can be broached, shaped, milled, or hobbed, while internal splines cannot. These machines use hard alloy, but they are not as good for internal splines. A machine with a slotting mechanism is necessary for these operations.
editor by czh 2023-03-27
China Excavator Planetary Gear Shaft and Pinion Shaft Spline with High Strength Forging Material Black Oxide Nitriding HRC23-25 810mm with Good quality
Situation: New
Warranty: 1 Yr
Applicable Industries: Producing Plant, Equipment Restore Retailers, Building works , Strength & Mining
Showroom Spot: Brazil, Peru, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Thailand
Movie outgoing-inspection: Presented
Equipment Take a look at Report: Presented
Advertising Variety: New Product 2571
Warranty of core factors: 1 12 months
Core Components: Gear
Construction: Spline
Substance: higher power 4330V, forging materials 4330V
Coatings: Black Oxide
length: 810mm
Warmth treatment method: HRC23-twenty five
Equipment tooth area hardening: Nitriding
Tooth floor hardness: HRC55-60
Following Guarantee Service: Video specialized help, On-line assistance, Spare parts
Neighborhood Service Location: Brazil, Peru, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Thailand, 8bar 180CFM cellular 40hp transportable 30kw electric air compressors mining HGD30-8G Australia, Chile, South Africa
Packaging Specifics: in picket circumstances, as for every customers’ requests
Port: ZheJiang Port
Items Description Planetary equipment shaft and pinion shaft Material: 4330V forging substance Size: φ600* Duration a thousand mmNitriding Floor hardness : HRC55-60 Information Photos Specification
| Brand Title | Eternal |
| length | 810mm |
| Material | forged 40CrNiMo |
| Heat remedy | HRC23-twenty five |
The Different Types of Splines in a Splined Shaft
A splined shaft is a machine component with internal and external splines. The splines are formed in four different ways: Involute, Parallel, Serrated, and Ball. You can learn more about each type of spline in this article. When choosing a splined shaft, be sure to choose the right one for your application. Read on to learn about the different types of splines and how they affect the shaft’s performance.
Involute splines
Involute splines in a splined shaft are used to secure and extend mechanical assemblies. They are smooth, inwardly curving grooves that resist separation during operation. A shaft with involute splines is often longer than the shaft itself. This feature allows for more axial movement. This is beneficial for many applications, especially in a gearbox.
The involute spline is a shaped spline, similar to a parallel spline. It is angled and consists of teeth that create a spiral pattern that enables linear and rotatory motion. It is distinguished from other splines by the serrations on its flanks. It also has a flat top. It is a good option for couplers and other applications where angular movement is necessary.
Involute splines are also called involute teeth because of their shape. They are flat on the top and curved on the sides. These teeth can be either internal or external. As a result, involute splines provide greater surface contact, which helps reduce stress and fatigue. Regardless of the shape, involute splines are generally easy to machine and fit.
Involute splines are a type of splines that are used in splined shafts. These splines have different names, depending on their diameters. An example set of designations is for a 32-tooth male spline, a 2,500-tooth module, and a 30 degree pressure angle. An example of a female spline, a fillet root spline, is used to describe the diameter of the splined shaft.
The effective tooth thickness of splines is dependent on the number of keyways and the type of spline. Involute splines in splined shafts should be designed to engage 25 to 50 percent of the spline teeth during the coupling. Involute splines should be able to withstand the load without cracking.
Parallel splines
Parallel splines are formed on a splined shaft by putting one or more teeth into another. The male spline is positioned at the center of the female spline. The teeth of the male spline are also parallel to the shaft axis, but a common misalignment causes the splines to roll and tilt. This is common in many industrial applications, and there are a number of ways to improve the performance of splines.
Typically, parallel splines are used to reduce friction in a rotating part. The splines on a splined shaft are narrower on the end face than the interior, which makes them more prone to wear. This type of spline is used in a variety of industries, such as machinery, and it also allows for greater efficiency when transmitting torque.
Involute splines on a splined shaft are the most common. They have equally spaced teeth, and are therefore less likely to crack due to fatigue. They also tend to be easy to cut and fit. However, they are not the best type of spline. It is important to understand the difference between parallel and involute splines before deciding on which spline to use.
The difference between splined and involute splines is the size of the grooves. Involute splines are generally larger than parallel splines. These types of splines provide more torque to the gear teeth and reduce stress during operation. They are also more durable and have a longer life span. And because they are used on farm machinery, they are essential in this type of application.
Serrated splines
A Serrated Splined Shaft has several advantages. This type of shaft is highly adjustable. Its large number of teeth allows large torques, and its shorter tooth width allows for greater adjustment. These features make this type of shaft an ideal choice for applications where accuracy is critical. Listed below are some of the benefits of this type of shaft. These benefits are just a few of the advantages. Learn more about this type of shaft.
The process of hobbing is inexpensive and highly accurate. It is useful for external spline shafts, but is not suitable for internal splines. This type of process forms synchronized shapes on the shaft, reducing the manufacturing cycle and stabilizing the relative phase between spline and thread. It uses a grinding wheel to shape the shaft. CZPT Manufacturing has a large inventory of Serrated Splined Shafts.
The teeth of a Serrated Splined Shaft are designed to engage with the hub over the entire circumference of the shaft. The teeth of the shaft are spaced uniformly around the spline, creating a multiple-tooth point of contact over the entire length of the shaft. The results of these analyses are usually satisfactory. But there are some limitations. To begin with, the splines of the Serrated Splined Shaft should be chosen carefully. If the application requires large-scale analysis, it may be necessary to modify the design.
The splines of the Serrated Splined Shaft are also used for other purposes. They can be used to transmit torque to another device. They also act as an anti-rotational device and function as a linear guide. Both the design and the type of splines determine the function of the Splined Shaft. In the automobile industry, they are used in vehicles, aerospace, earth-moving machinery, and many other industries.
Ball splines
The invention relates to a ball-spinned shaft. The shaft comprises a plurality of balls that are arranged in a series and are operatively coupled to a load path section. The balls are capable of rolling endlessly along the path. This invention also relates to a ball bearing. Here, a ball bearing is one of the many types of gears. The following discussion describes the features of a ball bearing.
A ball-splined shaft assembly comprises a shaft with at least one ball-spline groove and a plurality of circumferential step grooves. The shaft is held in a first holding means that extends longitudinally and is rotatably held by a second holding means. Both the shaft and the first holding means are driven relative to one another by a first driving means. It is possible to manufacture a ball-splined shaft in a variety of ways.
A ball-splined shaft features a nut with recirculating balls. The ball-splined nut rides in these grooves to provide linear motion while preventing rotation. A splined shaft with a nut that has recirculating balls can also provide rotary motion. A ball splined shaft also has higher load capacities than a ball bushing. For these reasons, ball splines are an excellent choice for many applications.
In this invention, a pair of ball-spinned shafts are housed in a box under a carrier device 40. Each of the two shafts extends along a longitudinal line of arm 50. One end of each shaft is supported rotatably by a slide block 56. The slide block also has a support arm 58 that supports the center arm 50 in a cantilever fashion.
Sector no-go gage
A no-go gauge is a tool that checks the splined shaft for oversize. It is an effective way to determine the oversize condition of a splined shaft without removing the shaft. It measures external splines and serrations. The no-go gage is available in sizes ranging from 19mm to 130mm with a 25mm profile length.
The sector no-go gage has two groups of diametrally opposed teeth. The space between them is manufactured to a maximum space width and the tooth thickness must be within a predetermined tolerance. This gage would be out of tolerance if the splines were measured with a pin. The dimensions of this splined shaft can be found in the respective ANSI or DIN standards.
The go-no-go gage is useful for final inspection of thread pitch diameter. It is also useful for splined shafts and threaded nuts. The thread of a screw must match the contour of the go-no-go gage head to avoid a no-go condition. There is no substitute for a quality machine. It is an essential tool for any splined shaft and fastener manufacturer.
The NO-GO gage can detect changes in tooth thickness. It can be calibrated under ISO17025 standards and has many advantages over a non-go gage. It also gives a visual reference of the thickness of a splined shaft. When the teeth match, the shaft is considered ready for installation. It is a critical process. In some cases, it is impossible to determine the precise length of the shaft spline.
The 45-degree pressure angle is most commonly used for axles and torque-delivering members. This pressure angle is the most economical in terms of tool life, but the splines will not roll neatly like a 30 degree angle. The 45-degree spline is more likely to fall off larger than the other two. Oftentimes, it will also have a crowned look. The 37.5 degree pressure angle is a compromise between the other two pressure angles. It is often used when the splined shaft material is harder than usual.
editor by czh 2023-02-17
China OEM ODM Ground Spur Pinion Spline Stainelss Steel Gear Shafts drive shaft carrier bearing
Product Description
Floor Spur Pinion Spline Stainelss Steel Gear Shafts
Equipment transmission depends on the thrust amongst equipment teeth to transmit motion and electrical power, also known as meshing transmission. With this gradual meshing, helical gears function significantly far more smoothly and quietly than spur gears. For that reason, nearly all car transmissions use helical gears.Because the enamel on the helical equipment current a specified angle, the gears will be under a specified sum of stress when they mesh. Tools using helical gears is geared up with bearings to stand up to this strain.
Product Parameters
Primary Attributes:
Spur Gear
one. Make strictly in accordance with ANSI or DIN regular dimension
2. Content: SCM 415 steel
three. Bore: Completed bore
four. Precision grade: DIN 5
five. Surface area therapy: Carburizing and Quenching
6. Module: Module 1.5, Module 2, Module 2.5, Module 3
seven. Tooth: From Z10 to Z13 Other Types
| Product name | Spur Gear & Helical Gear & Gear Shaft |
| Customized services | OEM, drawings or samples customize |
| Materials Available | Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, S45C, SCM415, 20CrMoTi, 40Cr, Brass, SUS303/304, Bronze, Iron, Aluminum Alloy etc |
| Heat Treatment | Quenching & Tempering, Carburizing & Quenching, Substantial-frequency Hardening, Carbonitriding…… |
| Surface Treatment | Conditioning, Carburizing and Quenching,Tempering ,High frequency quenching, Tempering, Blackening, QPQ, Cr-plating, Zn-plating, Ni-plating, Electroplate, Passivation, Picking, Plolishing, Lon-plating, Chemical vapor deposition(CVD), Bodily vapour deposition(PVD)… |
| BORE | Finished bore, Pilot Bore, Specific ask for |
| Processing Method | Molding, Shaving, Hobbing, Drilling, Tapping, Reaming, Handbook Chamfering, Grinding etc |
| Stress Angle | twenty Degree |
| Hardness | 55- 60HRC |
| Dimensions | Client Drawings & ISO normal |
| Bundle | Wooden Circumstance/Container and pallet, or created-to-purchase |
| Certificate | ISO9001:2008 |
| Machining Approach | Equipment Hobbing, Equipment Milling, Gear Shaping, Equipment Broaching, Equipment Shaving, Equipment Grinding and Equipment Lapping |
| Apps | Printing Tools Sector, Laser Gear Business, Automatic Assemblyline Sector, Woodening Business, Packaging Equipment Market, Logistics storage Machinery Sector, Robot Sector, Device Tool Tools Sector |
Organization Profile
Packaging & Shipping and delivery
| Packaging | Polyethylene bag or oil paper for each and every item Pile on carton or as customer’s demand |
| Shipping and delivery of Samples | By DHL, Fedex, UPS, TNT, EMS |
| Direct time | 10-fifteen functioning times as typical, 30days in active time, it will based on the detailed order quantity. |
FAQ
| Principal Marketplaces? | North The united states, South America, Jap Europe , West Europe , North Europe, South Europe, Asia |
| How to buy? | * You send us drawing or sample |
| * We have via task evaluation | |
| * We give you our design and style for your confirmation | |
| * We make the sample and send it to you soon after you confirmed our layout | |
| * You validate the sample then location an purchase and pay us 30% deposit | |
| * We commence making | |
| * When the items is accomplished, you spend us the balance following you verified pictures or tracking numbers. | |
| * Trade is accomplished, thank you!! |
Payment: T/T
If you are intrigued in our items, make sure you notify us which components, kind, width, duration u want.
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Toy, Agricultural Machinery, Car, New Energy Industry |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Spur Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 10/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Product name | Spur Gear & Helical Gear & Gear Shaft |
| Customized service | OEM, drawings or samples customize |
| Materials Available | Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, S45C, SCM415, 20CrMoTi, 40Cr, Brass, SUS303/304, Bronze, Iron, Aluminum Alloy etc |
| Heat Treatment | Quenching & Tempering, Carburizing & Quenching, High-frequency Hardening, Carbonitriding…… |
| Surface Treatment | Conditioning, Carburizing and Quenching,Tempering ,High frequency quenching, Tempering, Blackening, QPQ, Cr-plating, Zn-plating, Ni-plating, Electroplate, Passivation, Picking, Plolishing, Lon-plating, Chemical vapor deposition(CVD), Physical vapour deposition(PVD)… |
| BORE | Finished bore, Pilot Bore, Special request |
| Processing Method | Molding, Shaving, Hobbing, Drilling, Tapping, Reaming, Manual Chamfering, Grinding etc |
| Pressure Angle | 20 Degree |
| Hardness | 55- 60HRC |
| Size | Customer Drawings & ISO standard |
| Package | Wooden Case/Container and pallet, or made-to-order |
| Certificate | ISO9001:2008 |
| Machining Process | Gear Hobbing, Gear Milling, Gear Shaping, Gear Broaching, Gear Shaving, Gear Grinding and Gear Lapping |
| Applications | Printing Equipment Industry, Laser Equipment Industry, Automated Assemblyline Industry, Woodening Industry, Packaging Equipment Industry, Logistics storage Machinery Industry, Robot Industry, Machine Tool Equipment Industry |
###
| Packaging | Polyethylene bag or oil paper for each item; Pile on carton or as customer’s demand |
| Delivery of Samples | By DHL, Fedex, UPS, TNT, EMS |
| Lead time | 10-15 working days as usual, 30days in busy season, it will based on the detailed order quantity. |
###
| Main Markets? | North America, South America, Eastern Europe , West Europe , North Europe, South Europe, Asia |
| How to order? | * You send us drawing or sample |
| * We carry through project assessment | |
| * We give you our design for your confirmation | |
| * We make the sample and send it to you after you confirmed our design | |
| * You confirm the sample then place an order and pay us 30% deposit | |
| * We start producing | |
| * When the goods is done, you pay us the balance after you confirmed pictures or tracking numbers. | |
| * Trade is done, thank you!! |
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Toy, Agricultural Machinery, Car, New Energy Industry |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Spur Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 10/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Product name | Spur Gear & Helical Gear & Gear Shaft |
| Customized service | OEM, drawings or samples customize |
| Materials Available | Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, S45C, SCM415, 20CrMoTi, 40Cr, Brass, SUS303/304, Bronze, Iron, Aluminum Alloy etc |
| Heat Treatment | Quenching & Tempering, Carburizing & Quenching, High-frequency Hardening, Carbonitriding…… |
| Surface Treatment | Conditioning, Carburizing and Quenching,Tempering ,High frequency quenching, Tempering, Blackening, QPQ, Cr-plating, Zn-plating, Ni-plating, Electroplate, Passivation, Picking, Plolishing, Lon-plating, Chemical vapor deposition(CVD), Physical vapour deposition(PVD)… |
| BORE | Finished bore, Pilot Bore, Special request |
| Processing Method | Molding, Shaving, Hobbing, Drilling, Tapping, Reaming, Manual Chamfering, Grinding etc |
| Pressure Angle | 20 Degree |
| Hardness | 55- 60HRC |
| Size | Customer Drawings & ISO standard |
| Package | Wooden Case/Container and pallet, or made-to-order |
| Certificate | ISO9001:2008 |
| Machining Process | Gear Hobbing, Gear Milling, Gear Shaping, Gear Broaching, Gear Shaving, Gear Grinding and Gear Lapping |
| Applications | Printing Equipment Industry, Laser Equipment Industry, Automated Assemblyline Industry, Woodening Industry, Packaging Equipment Industry, Logistics storage Machinery Industry, Robot Industry, Machine Tool Equipment Industry |
###
| Packaging | Polyethylene bag or oil paper for each item; Pile on carton or as customer’s demand |
| Delivery of Samples | By DHL, Fedex, UPS, TNT, EMS |
| Lead time | 10-15 working days as usual, 30days in busy season, it will based on the detailed order quantity. |
###
| Main Markets? | North America, South America, Eastern Europe , West Europe , North Europe, South Europe, Asia |
| How to order? | * You send us drawing or sample |
| * We carry through project assessment | |
| * We give you our design for your confirmation | |
| * We make the sample and send it to you after you confirmed our design | |
| * You confirm the sample then place an order and pay us 30% deposit | |
| * We start producing | |
| * When the goods is done, you pay us the balance after you confirmed pictures or tracking numbers. | |
| * Trade is done, thank you!! |
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When two splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by five mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to fifty-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows four concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these three components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using two different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these two methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the three factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
editor by czh 2023-01-27